Region
Veracruz
Located in the southeast of Mexico, Veracruz is the state to which coffee was first introduced in the country during the late-18th century. Its topography ranges from narrow coastal plains to the heights of the eastern Sierra Madre highlands, stretching from sea level to 5,636 meters above sea level at Mexico’s highest peak, Pico de Orizaba. This large variation in altitude results in a wide variety of microclimates throughout the state, from snow-covered mountaintops to hot, humid tropical areas on the coast where Veracruz borders the Gulf of Mexico.
Various types of forest cover Veracruz, but evergreen tropical forests dominate. The state has been described as having one of the richests varieties of wildlife in the western hemisphere, with an especially diverse array of endemic insects, arachnids, and birds across the region. Despite the deterioration of forested areas, the state is still an important stopover for migratory birds as well. Many endangered mammals can be found in Veracruz including two endemic rodents, jaguar, ocelot, and Baird’s Tapir. The state has 31 environmentally protected areas in 21 different municipalities.
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing have been important components of the economy of Veracruz since pre-Hispanic times. Chief agricultural products include coffee, vanilla, sugarcane, tobacco, bananas, coconuts, and vegetables, but local farmers depend mainly on corn and beans. Coffee is grown on more than 150,000 hectares of land in the state.